Attractions Near Washington DC
Great Falls park - 9200 Old Dominion Drive, McLean, VA
Amma DC - 9109 Harrington Dr Potomac MD 20854 (Saturday 5.30 - 9 PM)
White House - 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
U. S. Supreme Court - on Capitol Hill at First Street and Maryland Avenue in NW, Washington, DC. (9 AM - 4.30 PM) Near Union Station. Address: 1 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20543
U.S Congress - Book your free ticket online before visit. http://www.visitthecapitol.gov/visit/book_a_tour/
National Air and Space Museum - 600 Independence Ave. SW Washington
Mount Vernon
Logwood gardens
Leesylvania State Park, Daniel K Ludwig Drive, Woodbridge, VA
Skyline drive
Williamsburg - Great Wolf Lodge for kids.
Tuesday, December 27, 2011
Monday, December 26, 2011
2012 Goals
It is time to document 2012 goals and do an analysis of 2011. I would say most of my major personal goals are achieved for year 2011 such as new home, bringing my mother etc.
2012 goals :
1. Official goals
2. Personal goals...
Should I publish my goals for this year here ? :) .
It is important to set a few goals as possible and achieve 100 % of it. Also it is important to get a 360 degree feedback from your colleagues and family members. There is always room for improvement in personal and official life.
OK. Keep the official and personal goals in a separate document.
Personal focus of 2012 is - determined to spend more quality time with kids. It is amazing how fast they are growing !. Increase energy levels, do the things that bring happiness such as spending time with friend's family for dinner etc. Any way goals are important than the focus areas, I am yet to determine how to report the progress of my 2012 items....
2012 goals :
1. Official goals
2. Personal goals...
Should I publish my goals for this year here ? :) .
It is important to set a few goals as possible and achieve 100 % of it. Also it is important to get a 360 degree feedback from your colleagues and family members. There is always room for improvement in personal and official life.
OK. Keep the official and personal goals in a separate document.
Personal focus of 2012 is - determined to spend more quality time with kids. It is amazing how fast they are growing !. Increase energy levels, do the things that bring happiness such as spending time with friend's family for dinner etc. Any way goals are important than the focus areas, I am yet to determine how to report the progress of my 2012 items....
Thursday, December 15, 2011
Solaris 11 - Cloud OS !?
Solaris 11 released by Oracle. Mark Hurd "claimed it as a first cloud OS”!.
Oracle recognized the Solaris LDOMs as a Oracle VM so licensing is much is easier now, is it? This is a good thing. Oracle is comparing Solaris with IBM AIX / HP? (Not to Redhat Linux!)
T4 Processor, T4 Server Family, super cluster - how good is the new processor? What are the performance benchmarks? Multi threaded architecture? Common across all software platform - reliability, availability, security, scalability, Performance, virtualization!
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
JVM Issues !!!
Resource for JVM Troubel shooting:
-Xms1024m \ - Minimum Heap -Xmx1024m \ - Maximum Heap
-Xss512k \ - Set maximum native stack size for any thread
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
-XX:GCTimeRatio=99 \ - The ratio of GC time to application time
-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=20 \ - Pause times of 20ms desired.
-XX:PermSize=512m \ - Permanent Size
-XX:MaxPermSize=512m \
-XX:NewSize=384m \ - Minor GC (Young Generation) -XX:MaxNewSize=384m \
-XX:SurvivorRatio=6 \
JVM Collectors - Options
1. Mark and sweep
Minimizes pause times, avoid "stopping the world“
Collect the tenured generation concurrently with the execution of the application
Start VM - mark each object – Remove
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
2. Throughput collector Parallel Collector
Distributes GC load across CPUs. Maximize throughput
XX:+UseParallelGC
Can be used for Multiprocessor Machines (with four or more processors)
- Log files messages - -verbose:gc, –XX:+PrintGC, –XX:+PrintGCDetails,–XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
- Java VisualVM - Available from JDK 6. Federates several existing tools, including JConsole, jstat, jinfo, jstack, and jmap
- Other Tools - Jprobe, Jconsole, HPROF - Heap Profiler, Eclipse Memory Analyzer, IBM Heap & thread analyzer
- JVM Utilities - Jps, Jmap, Jinfo, Jhat, Jstack
- Unix Tools - Top, vmstat, ulimit –a , sar –r , mpstat, netstat
-Xms1024m \ - Minimum Heap -Xmx1024m \ - Maximum Heap
-Xss512k \ - Set maximum native stack size for any thread
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
-XX:GCTimeRatio=99 \ - The ratio of GC time to application time
-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=20 \ - Pause times of 20ms desired.
-XX:PermSize=512m \ - Permanent Size
-XX:MaxPermSize=512m \
-XX:NewSize=384m \ - Minor GC (Young Generation) -XX:MaxNewSize=384m \
-XX:SurvivorRatio=6 \
JVM Collectors - Options
1. Mark and sweep
Minimizes pause times, avoid "stopping the world“
Collect the tenured generation concurrently with the execution of the application
Start VM - mark each object – Remove
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
2. Throughput collector Parallel Collector
Distributes GC load across CPUs. Maximize throughput
XX:+UseParallelGC
Can be used for Multiprocessor Machines (with four or more processors)
Saturday, March 26, 2011
Do you want to develop BPEL ??
1. Go to http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/jdev/overview/index.html
2. Download JDeveloper
3. Install and configure
4. (Search for "JDeveloper Extensions" using CTRL - F (browser Search) in http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/jdev/overview/index.html Select "Oracle Fusion Middleware")
OR
Go directly to http://www.oracle.com/ocom/groups/public/@otn/documents/webcontent/156082.xml
and download Oracle SOA Composite editor (File name:soa-jdev-extension.zip). Ensure that you are downloading same version as your JDeveloper
5. Select JDeveloper select Help->Check for Updates. Click Next and Select Install from Local File and browse to where you saved soa-jdev-extension.zip. Click Open, click Next and then Finish. JDeveloper will then install the extension; finally restart JDeveloper when prompted
2. Download JDeveloper
3. Install and configure
4. (Search for "JDeveloper Extensions" using CTRL - F (browser Search) in http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/jdev/overview/index.html Select "Oracle Fusion Middleware")
OR
Go directly to http://www.oracle.com/ocom/groups/public/@otn/documents/webcontent/156082.xml
and download Oracle SOA Composite editor (File name:soa-jdev-extension.zip). Ensure that you are downloading same version as your JDeveloper
5. Select JDeveloper select Help->Check for Updates. Click Next and Select Install from Local File and browse to where you saved soa-jdev-extension.zip. Click Open, click Next and then Finish. JDeveloper will then install the extension; finally restart JDeveloper when prompted
Sunday, March 20, 2011
Apache Conference 2010
Interesting topics for this year Apache conference ! Planning to participate.
... Enterprise Solutions (from ActiveMQ to Axis2 to ServiceMix, OFBiz to Chemistry, the gang's all here!)
... Cloud Computing (Hadoop, Cassandra, HBase, CouchDB, and friends)
... Emerging Technologies + Innovation (Incubating projects such as Libcloud, Stonehenge, and Wookie)
... Community Leadership (mentoring and meritocracy, GSoC and related initiatives)
... Data Handling, Search + Analytics (Lucene, Solr, Mahout, OODT, Hive and friends)
... Pervasive Computing (Felix/OSGi, Tomcat, MyFaces Trinidad, and friends)
... Servers, Infrastructure + Tools (HTTP Server, SpamAssassin, Geronimo, Sling, Wicket and friends)
conference theme is "Open Source Enterprise Solutions, Cloud Computing, and Community Leadership"
Friday, March 11, 2011
SOA Suite - Tuning
TUNING
- Heap size - JVM will grab from OS for the memory usage. Use EM -Weblogic Domain-right click and use JVM performance to view jvm performance. For 32 bit, 3 GB is the limit. For 64 bit, we can have more eg. 12 GB. Use 60 - 85 % of the available memory for heap. For sun JDK use ensure that permgen size is changed. For SOA, we need to increase the Permgen size. For Jrockit, no perm size.
- Default JTA time out is 30 sec. for SOA Suite, we need to increase the transaction time out.
- Set the processor parameter in database > 300
- Set the session parameter > 200.
- Sys user with SysDBA Privilages for the schema.
- Make sure we are using 64 bit JVM.
- Payload validation (while configuring the server urls) decrease the performance
- Audit level - may decrease the performance.
- Database adaptor connection pool setting , Database adaptor connection pool setting for developers to use.
- Trouble shoot - Ensure that the file adaptors have data appropriately. Will the instance is up and running.
- BPEL properties - Audit trail level size, document size for a variable, payload validation for incoming and outgoing messages.
- Mediator properties.
- Tune JCA Adaptor - File adaptor (inbound, outbound throttling, thread count, concurrentThreshold use staging, serialize translation etc)
- Database adaptor tuning.
- Database tuning - will run out table spaces very often. init.ora. how long the instances will be in database ? untill you purge the instances. Table space should be auto extended. We should have a mechanisam to clean up the instances in database. Change from development mode to production mode to reduce the instance data in database. We can purge only the completed instances. Other option is to transfer the data to another data base for futher reference.
- Database connection pools. Do not do the connection testing and profiling in production.
- Purge data - Delete all the completed instances. rejected messages, and orphan message.
- Developers can write a pojo or a composite application to send email using UMS for completed messages, rejected messages etc.
Monitoring
- Use WLDF
- Use EM Console - CPU, Memory, Heap , Requests. Etc. EM has the socket connection to all the instances.
- Logging level - notification, error or warning , notification, trance.
- Disable fetching in em.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Security - WebService security and SAML
Security
1) Transport Level - Secure connections bewteen consumer and producer. Use SSL. SSL provide authetical, confidentiality and message integrety. Issue if there is an intermediatery in between (eg. router) then it will get the SOAP message in plain text.
2) Message Level - Secure message. Digitally signed and encrypted. For authetication use username, x.509 or SAML tokens.
WS-Security specification has usernameTokenProfile(Sign, Encrypt and propogate). For authetication, we can use
Security applied to various levels of the network protocol stack
Difference between Hacking and Cranking
Hacking
Cracking
RFC - Request for comment !.
- SAML-Assetion
- X.509 certificates
- Kerberos Tickets
- Userid/Password credentials
- Ws-Security defines how to attach XML signature and XML Encryption headers to SOAP message.
- <wsse:UserNameToken>
- Authetication Assertion
- Autherization Assertion
- Attribute Assertion
- Application - Application Specific: Passwords
- Presentation - Software Encryption: Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Session - End-to-End Authentication/Encryption
- Transport - Port Filtering
- Network- IP Address Filtering
- Data Link - Snoop Prevention
- Physical - Point-to-Point Hardware Encryption: (Class I & II)
- Don’t learn to hack…Hack to learn!
- Make things work & Fix
- Modify & Improve
- Find weaknesses & strengthen security
- Obtain root access
- Infiltrate
- Damage
- Change
- Control
- Steal
Tuesday, March 8, 2011
SOA Suite Internals
SOA Suite is nothing but an application created oracle developers and deployed in WebLogic container !. (Eg. One of the application is SOA Infra.ear, Adaptors, B2B etc. )
4 Separate engine will get invoked based on the composite application. Each engine is nothing but web applications created by Oracle using JSP,Servlet, EJB and JMS etc.
1. BPEL Process
2. Mediator
3. Business Rules
4. Human Task.
5. BPMN ( can configure sepearate threads for this....not part of BPEL process)
SOA Infra is the core application. It uses MDS database schema to store all the application information.
SOA Suite components: - Mediator, BPEL/BPMN process, Human Tasks, Business Rules, and Spring, BPM, BPMN etc.
The BAM, Service bus are outside SOA Suite.
BAM is used for creating real time dashboard and alerts. Event capture, data collection from composite sensors. I consider SOA Suite as a just a BPEL engine. BAM Requires IE7.
Composite application is a collection of instructions that is deployed in SOA INFRA application.
Adaptor service (Based on JCA) is a value addition for SOA Suite.
SOA Suite Management Tools:
Enterprise Fusion middleware Control (EM)
Copying files to hard drive
1. RCU for database schema
2. Install weblogic server 10.3.3
3. Run patch installer ps 2
4. Run patch installer ps 3
Each development group deploy composite applications in separate soa partions...each partition can contain SOA bundles and each SOA bundles can have one or more composite applications.
Each composite application will be available in domain directory. In EM console, look at the SOA Folder (You can create separate partitions), you can see the composite applications.
All the composite applications data will be stored in MDS schema. Each composite applications consists of several components, each components have their own xml file and composite application have composite.xml configuration file.
The ANT script can be used to deploy the composite application.
How to transfer the same SOA Archive from development to production environment without re-compiling ?
Use configuration plan file along with SOA Achieve.
The instance of the composite applications gets created when some one invoke the composite application using the url.
What happens when WLS comes up with SOA Infra application ?
1. Read SOA Infra configuration from MDS
2. Start the basic services and wait for the requests.
3. Route request to service engines and binding components
4. Manage life cycle.
SOA Infra application will get connected to database using default connections pools. The composite application can connect to seperate application databases.
1. SOA Infra database connections to MDS
2. The composite application could connect to application database using separate connection pools at run time.
The audit level: (In common properties of composite applications)
Statefull instances can not complete in a single thread. Helloworld do not require to keep track of the state. The completed instance can not viewable if Audit level is off. Instance id and some basic details can be retrieved by using audit level "Production".
Audit level could be 1) Off 2) Development 3) Production.
Adut level can be in composite level, engine level, or infra level. This can do in component level as well.
For each composite applications, there could be:
Inbound JCA -
Outbound JCA - External reference. Reference can not be shared. can be configured for items like time out, fail over etc.
Adaptors:
1. DB Adaptor
2. JMS Adaptor
3. File/FTP Adaptor
Database adaptor have it's own connection pool and data source to connect to a database, also admin needs to create separate database connection pool for developers to use. JNDI name for this is important as JDeveloper uses JNDI name to connect to database adaptor.
We can export the Jar file. No need to compile the composite application similer to Java files. These are just xml files . use packaging by using the ANT tasks or use JDeveloper.
If you are are using SOA Service bus, it doesn't make sense to expose the composite applications as webservices from SOA Suite, instead expose it via service bus.
Binding components: Send message from SOA Composite application to external applications/services.
JCA Adatpor (in and out)
Web Service (SOAP over HTTP)
HTTP Binding
BAM Adaptor (Out only)
B2B binding component
ADF-BC service (out)
EJB Service (Out only)
Direct Binding Service (In and Out)
BPEL:
For BPEL every thing outside is WSDL. Eg. File adatpor is a WSDL, invoking an EJB is WSDL. JDeveloper creates WSDL for every interaction outside BPEL. Each WSDL is a web service.
BPEL is basically orchestrating the web services. Internally BPEL has global variable and local variable. The local variables limited to scope. During monitoring each variable value can been seen. BEPL can have multiple activities and conditional logics. BPEL process never ends untill it is over evan if the server crashes.
The state of BPEL process is stored in SOA INFRA table. Each variables value is stored in SOA Infra table. So when the server crashes it will start when the server comes back.
Concurrently we can only run run the composite application instances, each run run instances will take one thread. However if the instances running does not mean that it is consuming a thread. This is applicable only for As synchronous. For Synchronous, we may have a Thread issue if the concurrent users exceeds the available threads.
BPEL Process can have transaction. Define dehydration point so that the transaction ends and data commits.
Create Dehydration points for transaction oriented BPEL
Configure Threads and set the Audit trail
Use EMConsole - SOA Infrastructure - SOA Administration - BPEL Properties.
Sensors:
Use an auditing tool. Created at the design time. Use composite sensors. Composite sensors can publish the data only to database. Enterprise manager can use for pulling the data.
Trouble shooting
1. SOA Folder is not available in EM. - Check the SOA Infra application and make sure that it is up.you can start the SOA Infra application using EM.
2. Oracle Technology Network - Documentation - ORacle Fusion middleware. Go to SOA suite. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/fusion-middleware/documentation/index.html
FAULT
3. Each Fault can be recovered from its recover state. it can send an email to administrator.
4. Recovering from SOA Composite Application Faults at the SOA
Infrastructure Level - Click the Faults and Rejected Messages tab.- Select Home. 1. Click soa-infra. 1. Select SOA Infrastructure
Dehydration points:
Storing the current status of the BPEL process into the Database is known as dehydration. The Dehydration Store database is used to store BPEL process status data, especially for asynchronous BPEL processes. Also, all successfully executed BPEL process instances are stored in the dehydration store. The database schema is created for this as a part of SOA Suite installation is ORABPEL schema. The following link from The BPEL Cookbook will give you more details about the dehydration store http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/bpel_cookbook/blanvalet.html
Business Rule engine:
.decs is the rule that represent the rules. Mediator, BPEL etc can execute business rules services except the database adaptors.
SOA Composite application can use for editing the business rules. Dynamic deployment . No deployment required.
Third party rules engines can connect with SOA Suite BPEL, you just use a custom JCA Adaptor or use WSDL that comes from the Ilog.
Security - External LDAP for WebLogic
Go to security realm and providers, then create a new authentication provider, Select type as Active Directory. Control flag specify if the authentication provide is only one or one of many. If many, then use "optional" from the drop down box under common.
We can have multiple ldap system added to weblogic admin. The control flag determines which one will get precedents. Ideally we can have one external LDAP and one internal LDAP and have one admin id on each.
Deployment options:
BPM Workflow vs. BPM Worklist application: Same functionality. BPM worklist can do extra stuff with the BPMN.
BPA Suite - For process modelling
BPM Suite - installed as part of SOA Suite install.
BAM (Business Activity Monitoring)
BAM is primarily a run time tool, which pull the data from memory
BAM Architect create the data object. BAM Report creator, BAM report viewers.
Use ICommand utility to import a data object defined in an XML file. BAM adaptor is seperate running outside and providing info to BAM. BAM Adaptor can run in a seperate SOA Suite server.
For BAM Adaptor configuration with SOA Suite, we can use RMI or SOAP webserivice. Better to use SOAP webservice as it is easy.
BAMCommonConfig.xml
BAMServerConfig.xml etc.
Each user has to assigned to a group (eg. Report viewer) in order to view the reports. By default all users do not have any access. or use "registerusers" utility to configure users. All users should exist in the LDAP store.
BAM Distribution list can be created to send group email etc.
BAM Event generator can be used to create an event (Eg. if some one reject more than 50% orders)
General Items:
1. Audit level of the composite application, Engine and SOA infra.
2. Deployment scripts
3. Deployment segregation for each development group - Partition, SOA Bundle, Composite application etc.
4. Configuring the Server urls - use load balancer url instead of using the server urls. (Soa infrastructure common properties)
5. Sequence of the shutdown and start up (1. Shutdown the SOA Infra application first
6. Audit log file - setup (development, Off, Production)
7. Log file location and rotation.
8. Do you recommend one composite application per service - Depends on usage of service bus. Multiple services can be deployed in one composite application.
9. If no BAM sensors, how do we get the audit information reporting . - Use People sensores can be used to collect the Audit level information ...Use another reporting structure.
10. BPEL process state - synchronous vs Asynchronous.
11. Cap the Audit trail in database using BPEL Service Engine Properties.
12. Configure threads and audit trail settings for each engine.
13. Monitoring BPEL process and faults. Developer can add a fault handler framework.
14. Fault service - Can do bulk re-retry. It can generate email as well. Create single fault recovery, Build fault recovery.
15. Create Dehydration points for transaction oriented BPEL
4 Separate engine will get invoked based on the composite application. Each engine is nothing but web applications created by Oracle using JSP,Servlet, EJB and JMS etc.
1. BPEL Process
2. Mediator
3. Business Rules
4. Human Task.
5. BPMN ( can configure sepearate threads for this....not part of BPEL process)
SOA Infra is the core application. It uses MDS database schema to store all the application information.
Interesting concept of learning SOA Suite is look at different angle for every questions eg. From an Architect view, Service Manager view,
SOA Suite components: - Mediator, BPEL/BPMN process, Human Tasks, Business Rules, and Spring, BPM, BPMN etc.
The BAM, Service bus are outside SOA Suite.
BAM is used for creating real time dashboard and alerts. Event capture, data collection from composite sensors. I consider SOA Suite as a just a BPEL engine. BAM Requires IE7.
Composite application is a collection of instructions that is deployed in SOA INFRA application.
Adaptor service (Based on JCA) is a value addition for SOA Suite.
Difference between SOA Suite (Mediator) and OSB (Oracle Service bus)
Mediator:
- Tiny, Light weight Service Bus
- Used for VETRO Pattern (Validate, Enrich, Transform, Routing, Operate)
- Value mapping and cross reference for supporting Canonical Data Model
- Message Transformation with XSLT
- Part of SCA.(Service Component Architecture)
- Large powerful service bus.
- Great for Enterprise wide integration
- Message Transformation with XSLT and XQUERY
- Not Integrated with SCA
SOA Suite Management Tools:
Enterprise Fusion middleware Control (EM)
- WebLogic Console
- Enterprise Manager
- Oracle WebService Manager (OWSM) for policy administration
- MDS - Meta data services. Used by SOA Suite. Other oracle product are also use this. Eg. WebCenter.
- SOA INFRA - Dehydration store.
- ORA BAM - for BAM
- ORA SDAM - User Messaging service
Directory Structure:
- Location of log file
- ORAINVntory /log
Installation:
Copying files to hard drive
1. RCU for database schema
2. Install weblogic server 10.3.3
3. Run patch installer ps 2
4. Run patch installer ps 3
One WebLogic Domain - Multiple WebLogic Clusters, Each cluster have on SOA Suite Cluster. Sharing the database schema means same SOA suite cluster.
Common/bin - execute config.sh for creating domains. Each development group deploy composite applications in separate soa partions...each partition can contain SOA bundles and each SOA bundles can have one or more composite applications.
Each composite application will be available in domain directory. In EM console, look at the SOA Folder (You can create separate partitions), you can see the composite applications.
All the composite applications data will be stored in MDS schema. Each composite applications consists of several components, each components have their own xml file and composite application have composite.xml configuration file.
The ANT script can be used to deploy the composite application.
- SCA_DeployComposite
- SCA_undeploycomposite.
- SCA_startComposite
- ant-sca-test.xml - attach generate and validate configuration plan.
How to transfer the same SOA Archive from development to production environment without re-compiling ?
Use configuration plan file along with SOA Achieve.
The instance of the composite applications gets created when some one invoke the composite application using the url.
What happens when WLS comes up with SOA Infra application ?
1. Read SOA Infra configuration from MDS
2. Start the basic services and wait for the requests.
3. Route request to service engines and binding components
4. Manage life cycle.
SOA Infra application will get connected to database using default connections pools. The composite application can connect to seperate application databases.
1. SOA Infra database connections to MDS
2. The composite application could connect to application database using separate connection pools at run time.
The audit level: (In common properties of composite applications)
Statefull instances can not complete in a single thread. Helloworld do not require to keep track of the state. The completed instance can not viewable if Audit level is off. Instance id and some basic details can be retrieved by using audit level "Production".
Audit level could be 1) Off 2) Development 3) Production.
Adut level can be in composite level, engine level, or infra level. This can do in component level as well.
For each composite applications, there could be:
Inbound JCA -
Outbound JCA - External reference. Reference can not be shared. can be configured for items like time out, fail over etc.
Adaptors:
1. DB Adaptor
2. JMS Adaptor
3. File/FTP Adaptor
Database adaptor have it's own connection pool and data source to connect to a database, also admin needs to create separate database connection pool for developers to use. JNDI name for this is important as JDeveloper uses JNDI name to connect to database adaptor.
We can export the Jar file. No need to compile the composite application similer to Java files. These are just xml files . use packaging by using the ANT tasks or use JDeveloper.
If you are are using SOA Service bus, it doesn't make sense to expose the composite applications as webservices from SOA Suite, instead expose it via service bus.
Binding components: Send message from SOA Composite application to external applications/services.
JCA Adatpor (in and out)
Web Service (SOAP over HTTP)
HTTP Binding
BAM Adaptor (Out only)
B2B binding component
ADF-BC service (out)
EJB Service (Out only)
Direct Binding Service (In and Out)
BPEL:
For BPEL every thing outside is WSDL. Eg. File adatpor is a WSDL, invoking an EJB is WSDL. JDeveloper creates WSDL for every interaction outside BPEL. Each WSDL is a web service.
BPEL is basically orchestrating the web services. Internally BPEL has global variable and local variable. The local variables limited to scope. During monitoring each variable value can been seen. BEPL can have multiple activities and conditional logics. BPEL process never ends untill it is over evan if the server crashes.
The state of BPEL process is stored in SOA INFRA table. Each variables value is stored in SOA Infra table. So when the server crashes it will start when the server comes back.
Concurrently we can only run run the composite application instances, each run run instances will take one thread. However if the instances running does not mean that it is consuming a thread. This is applicable only for As synchronous. For Synchronous, we may have a Thread issue if the concurrent users exceeds the available threads.
BPEL Process can have transaction. Define dehydration point so that the transaction ends and data commits.
Create Dehydration points for transaction oriented BPEL
Configure Threads and set the Audit trail
Use EMConsole - SOA Infrastructure - SOA Administration - BPEL Properties.
Sensors:
Use an auditing tool. Created at the design time. Use composite sensors. Composite sensors can publish the data only to database. Enterprise manager can use for pulling the data.
Trouble shooting
1. SOA Folder is not available in EM. - Check the SOA Infra application and make sure that it is up.you can start the SOA Infra application using EM.
2. Oracle Technology Network - Documentation - ORacle Fusion middleware. Go to SOA suite. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/fusion-middleware/documentation/index.html
FAULT
3. Each Fault can be recovered from its recover state. it can send an email to administrator.
4. Recovering from SOA Composite Application Faults at the SOA
Infrastructure Level - Click the Faults and Rejected Messages tab.- Select Home. 1. Click soa-infra. 1. Select SOA Infrastructure
Dehydration points:
Storing the current status of the BPEL process into the Database is known as dehydration. The Dehydration Store database is used to store BPEL process status data, especially for asynchronous BPEL processes. Also, all successfully executed BPEL process instances are stored in the dehydration store. The database schema is created for this as a part of SOA Suite installation is ORABPEL schema. The following link from The BPEL Cookbook will give you more details about the dehydration store http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/bpel_cookbook/blanvalet.html
Business Rule engine:
.decs is the rule that represent the rules. Mediator, BPEL etc can execute business rules services except the database adaptors.
SOA Composite application can use for editing the business rules. Dynamic deployment . No deployment required.
Third party rules engines can connect with SOA Suite BPEL, you just use a custom JCA Adaptor or use WSDL that comes from the Ilog.
Security - External LDAP for WebLogic
Go to security realm and providers, then create a new authentication provider, Select type as Active Directory. Control flag specify if the authentication provide is only one or one of many. If many, then use "optional" from the drop down box under common.
We can have multiple ldap system added to weblogic admin. The control flag determines which one will get precedents. Ideally we can have one external LDAP and one internal LDAP and have one admin id on each.
Deployment options:
- ANT
- WLST
- Console
- Copy files to folder
BPM Workflow vs. BPM Worklist application: Same functionality. BPM worklist can do extra stuff with the BPMN.
Worklistapp - Fueog was acquired by BEA. Renamed as aqualogic BPM and have an application called workspace. (BPM workspace application) - BPMN engine inside soa suite.
BPM WorkFlow: localhost:port/bpm/workspace BPM Worklist: localhost:port/integration/worklistapp
BPMN
- Modeling language which allow me to model the business steps. It could be system centric or human centric.
- Use BPMN to logically model. Eg. step1, setp2, step3 etc...
- Now decompose step1 and add orchestrations. eg. human workflow, system integration etc.
- You can take a BPMN model and convert in to BPELs.
- For business Analysts.
- Business Processing Modeling Notation
- GUI For specifying Business process
- Managed by OMG. BPMN 2.0 in progress
- BPD – Business Process Diagram (Private -internal, Abstract-public, Collaboration – Global )
- High level steps. BPMN will decompose by different BPEL.
- BPMN Allocation diagram – Sequence object flow in detail
BPEL:
- Business Process Execution Language
- An XML based language that allows to describe the business flow
- Business Process orchestration and execution
- For Developers.
BPA Suite - For process modelling
BPM Suite - installed as part of SOA Suite install.
BAM (Business Activity Monitoring)
Do the historical and analytical focus on CPM - Corporate Performance Management and
BI - Business intelligence.
Not to mean to provide reports for several weeks, instead use it for hours reporting. Do not use it find out the throughput of all the services, instead use EM for throughput and messaging.
Use it for gathering data that is meant for business analyst. E.g. How many orders you processed? BAM will store the data in database. Database is for fail over not meant to pull the data from database and generate report.
BAM Architect create the data object. BAM Report creator, BAM report viewers.
Use ICommand utility to import a data object defined in an XML file. BAM adaptor is seperate running outside and providing info to BAM. BAM Adaptor can run in a seperate SOA Suite server.
For BAM Adaptor configuration with SOA Suite, we can use RMI or SOAP webserivice. Better to use SOAP webservice as it is easy.
BAMCommonConfig.xml
BAMServerConfig.xml etc.
Each user has to assigned to a group (eg. Report viewer) in order to view the reports. By default all users do not have any access. or use "registerusers" utility to configure users. All users should exist in the LDAP store.
BAM Distribution list can be created to send group email etc.
BAM Event generator can be used to create an event (Eg. if some one reject more than 50% orders)
General Items:
1. Audit level of the composite application, Engine and SOA infra.
2. Deployment scripts
3. Deployment segregation for each development group - Partition, SOA Bundle, Composite application etc.
4. Configuring the Server urls - use load balancer url instead of using the server urls. (Soa infrastructure common properties)
5. Sequence of the shutdown and start up (1. Shutdown the SOA Infra application first
6. Audit log file - setup (development, Off, Production)
7. Log file location and rotation.
8. Do you recommend one composite application per service - Depends on usage of service bus. Multiple services can be deployed in one composite application.
9. If no BAM sensors, how do we get the audit information reporting . - Use People sensores can be used to collect the Audit level information ...Use another reporting structure.
10. BPEL process state - synchronous vs Asynchronous.
11. Cap the Audit trail in database using BPEL Service Engine Properties.
12. Configure threads and audit trail settings for each engine.
13. Monitoring BPEL process and faults. Developer can add a fault handler framework.
14. Fault service - Can do bulk re-retry. It can generate email as well. Create single fault recovery, Build fault recovery.
15. Create Dehydration points for transaction oriented BPEL
Monday, March 7, 2011
Portal Development
Options for portal development: The key question is "do you want user be able to customize their portal ? "
WebLogic portal (Pros: Mature Product, OOTB Administrative console, OOTB UCM adapter
Cons: Future Oracle roadmap not sure, Use of ADF Faces is restricted as JSF portlet bridges are not that great.). Looks like Oracle stop development on this product.
WebCenter (Pros: Adapters, Web2.0 integrations(Though Jive integration is not that hard), ADF Faces
Cons: Maturity, Administration console as in other portal products.) Use IDE Jconsole. The key question is "do you want user be able to customize their portal ? " Personalization is much better in Webcenter. web 2.0 services, ADF, SOA,... than webcenter is the way to go.
Apache Pluto
LifeRay
-WebLogic Portal
-WebCenter Suite
Pros: Adapters, Web2.0 integrations(Though Jive integration is not that hard), ADF Faces
Cons: Maturity, Administration console as in other portal products.
WebLogic portal (Pros: Mature Product, OOTB Administrative console, OOTB UCM adapter
Cons: Future Oracle roadmap not sure, Use of ADF Faces is restricted as JSF portlet bridges are not that great.). Looks like Oracle stop development on this product.
WebCenter (Pros: Adapters, Web2.0 integrations(Though Jive integration is not that hard), ADF Faces
Cons: Maturity, Administration console as in other portal products.) Use IDE Jconsole. The key question is "do you want user be able to customize their portal ? " Personalization is much better in Webcenter. web 2.0 services, ADF, SOA,... than webcenter is the way to go.
Apache Pluto
LifeRay
-WebLogic Portal
-WebCenter Suite
Pros: Adapters, Web2.0 integrations(Though Jive integration is not that hard), ADF Faces
Cons: Maturity, Administration console as in other portal products.
Monday, January 17, 2011
Getting started with Oracle BPM Suite11gR1 - A hands-On Tutorial
Just completed reading Book "Getting started with Oracle BPM Suite11gR1 - A hands-On Tutorial "
Excellent Book. Precise and to the point. Highly recommended for business process architects and process developers to get basic understanding of using Oracle BPM Suite and create models. Articulates the concepts of BPM, BPEL and BPMN very well.
Book explaines how to install BPM Suite 11gR1 and create modeling using BPMN 2.0 with process organization model, process composer, human task pattern etc. I like the chapter about administering the BPM environment as the content includes actual screen shots for reference.
Excellent job by authers! I would like to get more details about how to attach external businss rules engines with BPM Suite as the current rule engine do not have a web interface to edit the rules.
Also I am really interested to know about the the future road map of BPMN products. How about the ARIS tool (Business process architect and process) ? Some of the SOA products from Oracle offer similer functionalities. Service bus, SOA Suite (BPEL Engine, Mediator and routing), BPM Suite (Modeling)...
Product map and functinalities are getting crowded :)
Excellent Book. Precise and to the point. Highly recommended for business process architects and process developers to get basic understanding of using Oracle BPM Suite and create models. Articulates the concepts of BPM, BPEL and BPMN very well.
Book explaines how to install BPM Suite 11gR1 and create modeling using BPMN 2.0 with process organization model, process composer, human task pattern etc. I like the chapter about administering the BPM environment as the content includes actual screen shots for reference.
Excellent job by authers! I would like to get more details about how to attach external businss rules engines with BPM Suite as the current rule engine do not have a web interface to edit the rules.
Also I am really interested to know about the the future road map of BPMN products. How about the ARIS tool (Business process architect and process) ? Some of the SOA products from Oracle offer similer functionalities. Service bus, SOA Suite (BPEL Engine, Mediator and routing), BPM Suite (Modeling)...
Product map and functinalities are getting crowded :)
Thursday, January 13, 2011
IT Process and Monitoing Tools
ITIL: Information Technology Infrastrastructure Library. People, process, technology
SPICE - Software Process Improvement Capability Determination.
Monitoring tools from CA:
CEM - End to end monitoing(customer Experience) - covers router,firewall and loadbalancer
Introscope - Availability, performance,failed transactions,portals,errors
Powerpacks - Plugin in to the introscope.
Wily Introscope Architecture: (Infact this is the architecture for all monitoring tools from all vendors :)
Work station/command console - Enterprise Manager(Database that store all information collected from Agents) - Agents (deployed in JVMs)
Can add cluster - Use EM Collectors for Enterprise Manager(EM) MOM.
Probe builder (instrumentation) - .pbd file inserts probes in to Java classes.
Use realms.xml to modify the roles for LDAP.
Performance Basics:
Throughput - Number of requests completed during a period of time. Responses per interval
Response - Average amount of time in milliseconds it takes to complete a request during a period of time. ms
Load - Number of requests at the end of time interval that have not yet completed.
Stalls - Invokations that have not yet completed withing default (30sec) time.
SPICE - Software Process Improvement Capability Determination.
Monitoring tools from CA:
CEM - End to end monitoing(customer Experience) - covers router,firewall and loadbalancer
Introscope - Availability, performance,failed transactions,portals,errors
Powerpacks - Plugin in to the introscope.
Wily Introscope Architecture: (Infact this is the architecture for all monitoring tools from all vendors :)
Work station/command console - Enterprise Manager(Database that store all information collected from Agents) - Agents (deployed in JVMs)
Can add cluster - Use EM Collectors for Enterprise Manager(EM) MOM.
Probe builder (instrumentation) - .pbd file inserts probes in to Java classes.
Use realms.xml to modify the roles for LDAP.
Performance Basics:
Throughput - Number of requests completed during a period of time. Responses per interval
Response - Average amount of time in milliseconds it takes to complete a request during a period of time. ms
Load - Number of requests at the end of time interval that have not yet completed.
Stalls - Invokations that have not yet completed withing default (30sec) time.
Sunday, January 2, 2011
Cloud
Which vendor provide the following to create a private cloud infrastructure ?
1. Server, storage and network virtualization
2. Resource automation and orchestration(coordinated delivery)
The key sucessfactor is to limit the tools and implement automations from begin to end of infrastructure life cycle.
What are the resources ?
1. Server
2. Storage
3. Network.
Treat all the IT resources as a single pool. Use it as needed, add additional resources as needed, remove resources when not needed.
1. Server, storage and network virtualization
2. Resource automation and orchestration(coordinated delivery)
The key sucessfactor is to limit the tools and implement automations from begin to end of infrastructure life cycle.
What are the resources ?
1. Server
2. Storage
3. Network.
Treat all the IT resources as a single pool. Use it as needed, add additional resources as needed, remove resources when not needed.
Friday, November 5, 2010
Apache Conference 2010- Atlanta
I was a speaker at ApacheCon NA 2010 held in Atlanta, GA on 1-5 November 2010. The confernce has an updated name that reflects our expanded presence in North America and a program that showcases our growing Apache projects.
My Topic
Several companies successfully migrate several preparatory licensed software to apache open sources. This track covers the secret of success in implementing open source software some of the enterprises. Attendees learn the challenges, approach, issues, execution strategy and details of the cost saving by migrating applications built and deployed using licensed software to open source. Some of the enterprises had achieved lower total cost of ownership, reduced dependence on software vendors, easier customization of the products, higher level of security and developer productivity by implementing the Apache open source software.
I will upload my presentation soon.
It is surprising that how much uncertainty have at open source community about Oracle's acquisition of Sun. Almost all the Apache software being developed using Java. The Apache Harmoney project is still not in front stage.
Some of the announcements like "Mac not planning support Java" add more concerns. \
OSGI
OSGi Alliance created the Enterprise Expert Group was created in 2007, to address the growing need for standards covering modularity in Enterprise applications. Their first specifications were published in March 2010 covering some important basic building blocks for Enterprise applications. There are, however, a number of areas, as yet unaddressed.
OSGi is the de facto standard module system for Java and as such has found its way into many applications and products, ranging from embedded to enterprise. However, modularity is only part of the advantage that OSGi brings. Loosely coupling components using light weight services and using them to dynamically compose your application is arguably the biggest benefit.
Design Pattern - Don't call us, we will call you. Register your service if the data available then we provide that !!
My Topic
Several companies successfully migrate several preparatory licensed software to apache open sources. This track covers the secret of success in implementing open source software some of the enterprises. Attendees learn the challenges, approach, issues, execution strategy and details of the cost saving by migrating applications built and deployed using licensed software to open source. Some of the enterprises had achieved lower total cost of ownership, reduced dependence on software vendors, easier customization of the products, higher level of security and developer productivity by implementing the Apache open source software.
I will upload my presentation soon.
It is surprising that how much uncertainty have at open source community about Oracle's acquisition of Sun. Almost all the Apache software being developed using Java. The Apache Harmoney project is still not in front stage.
Some of the announcements like "Mac not planning support Java" add more concerns. \
OSGI
OSGi Alliance created the Enterprise Expert Group was created in 2007, to address the growing need for standards covering modularity in Enterprise applications. Their first specifications were published in March 2010 covering some important basic building blocks for Enterprise applications. There are, however, a number of areas, as yet unaddressed.
OSGi is the de facto standard module system for Java and as such has found its way into many applications and products, ranging from embedded to enterprise. However, modularity is only part of the advantage that OSGi brings. Loosely coupling components using light weight services and using them to dynamically compose your application is arguably the biggest benefit.
Design Pattern - Don't call us, we will call you. Register your service if the data available then we provide that !!
Saturday, October 16, 2010
Unknown error Win32/Trojan - Fake microsoft security alert
Unknown error Win32/Trojan - Fake microsoft security alert !!
My home pc got infected with Trojan !!.
Issue: Eveytime I click on the browser, I get a security popup message warning from fake microsoft as " Unknown error Win32/Trojan" error.
How did I resolve it?
1. From system32 folder, copy the taskmgr program in to desktop
2. Rename the taskmanager as trojan.exe
3. Click on "taskmanager" and kill "hotfix.exe" process
Do the PC scan using Microsoft live saftey tool: http://onecare.live.com/site/en-us/default.htm
Call microsoft at 1-866-727-2338. It is free service for security issues. They will assist you to clean up the computer.
You can also create a ticket on http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/Shared/Help.aspx#infected
Other items:
1. Remove all the %temp%
2. Download the following free software and clean your computer. (Free software)
My home pc got infected with Trojan !!.
Issue: Eveytime I click on the browser, I get a security popup message warning from fake microsoft as " Unknown error Win32/Trojan" error.
How did I resolve it?
1. From system32 folder, copy the taskmgr program in to desktop
2. Rename the taskmanager as trojan.exe
3. Click on "taskmanager" and kill "hotfix.exe" process
You can invoke your browser !!....
Do the PC scan using Microsoft live saftey tool: http://onecare.live.com/site/en-us/default.htm
Call microsoft at 1-866-727-2338. It is free service for security issues. They will assist you to clean up the computer.
You can also create a ticket on http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/Shared/Help.aspx#infected
Other items:
1. Remove all the %temp%
2. Download the following free software and clean your computer. (Free software)
- http://live.sunbeltsoftware.com/download
- http://eset.com/online-scanner
- http://norman.com/ - go to popular download page from support tab. No need to pay money.
- Download Microsoft security essentials from microsoft website
Sunday, October 3, 2010
JMS
What is JMS and Why JMS Required ?
- Messaging is a method of communication between software components or applications.
- The Java Message Service (JMS) is a standard API that allows applications to create, send, receive, and read messages that is part of J2EE
- Difference between JMS and Email Message?
- JMS is to MOM like JDBC to RDBMS
Options for JMS Persistence
- NAS
- SAN
- Database
- In-Memory
- File systemspersitence
What is difference between Persistent Message and non-persistent message ?
Persistent Messages
· The message cannot be lost due to a JMS provider failure.
· Message must not be delivered twice.
· It is not considered sent until it has been safely written to a file or database.
· WebLogic JMS writes persistent messages to a WebLogic persistent store (disk-base file or JDBC-accessible database) that is optionally targeted by each JMS server during configuration.
Non-Persistent Messages
· They are guaranteed to be delivered at-most-once, unless there is a JMS provider failure, in which case messages may be lost, and must not be delivered twice.
· If a connection is closed or recovered, all non-persistent messages that have not yet been acknowledged will be redelivered.
· Once a non-persistent message is acknowledged, it will not be redelivered.
Monday, September 6, 2010
Google yourself - good article from Marc theladder.com
it's time to Google yourself.
You see, with the Web being the first place that people go to search for things to buy, places to fly, or new things to try, it's also where recruiters and hiring mangers go to learn about you "on the sly."
And it's important to Google more than just your full name. When companies are trying to poke around in your history, they'll search out all of your past experiences. Check it out, each of these searches yield different results:
Saraswathi
Ravi Saraswathi
Ravi Saraswathi America Online, Inc
Ravi Saraswathi Virginia
Ravi Saraswathi 20171
It's the first page of results that's most important. Go through these searches and check each of the links on the first page to understand how you are being presented or referenced on the web.
If all you find is glowing praise and adulation, fantastic for you and congratulations!
But if you find material that might put you in the wrong light, it's important to try and do something about it:
Patch up: If you control the site or page that has the troubling information or photos, patch up your online reputation quickly by removing or deleting the questionable material.
Push it down: If you do not control the site, another way to improve your online reputation is to push the offending material down in the results. By expanding your presence on social networks, blogs, and community forums, you can generate new, highly relevant web content that could get ranked higher in the search results than the bad information.
Petition: It's a long shot, but if you're unable to remove the offending information, you can petition the site owner or webmaster to remove it. You are asking for a favor, so never approach a website proprietor with outrage, incredulity, or legal posturing. I can almost guarantee that won't work.
You best bet is to humbly seek their help... "I'm looking to clean up my online reputation so that my family, friends, and business colleagues won't get the wrong idea about me. There is some unfortunate information on your website, and I'd really appreciate it if you would consider removing this particular bit. I know you have the right to have whatever you want on your site, and perhaps you didn't even put everything up there yourself. So I would really appreciate it if you could help out a guy who is in a little bit of a jam."
Again, the anonymous Internet seems to make e-mail arguments much easier, and many website operators can be very prickly about preserving their independence, so never, ever take a high-handed or aggressive approach.
Prepare: If patching, pushing and petitioning don't work, that means you'll have to prepare for the question in your job interview. Simply and clearly state the circumstances that led to the bad information and then stop. Don't go into a long or tortured conversation about implications, how it makes you feel, or how unfair it is. By being open, honest and sensible, you may actually be able to come out ahead...
"Yes, during the downturn I was required to let go over 200 people in my division. Unfortunately, several of the impacted people shared their negative viewpoints of my performance in that role online. I can understand and sympathize with their anger, but I thought that preserving the ability of our company to survive very difficult economic times was in our best interests.
"Is there anything specific I can address for you?"
If you forthrightly answer the question, show an openness to further inquiry (the appetite for digging through dirty laundry in person is actually much smaller than you'd imagine), and then move on, you'll be doing the best to put a positive spin on an unfortunate situation.
OK, Readers, hope you're having a great Labor Day, and that you're ready to get cracking come tomorrow....
You see, with the Web being the first place that people go to search for things to buy, places to fly, or new things to try, it's also where recruiters and hiring mangers go to learn about you "on the sly."
And it's important to Google more than just your full name. When companies are trying to poke around in your history, they'll search out all of your past experiences. Check it out, each of these searches yield different results:
Saraswathi
Ravi Saraswathi
Ravi Saraswathi America Online, Inc
Ravi Saraswathi Virginia
Ravi Saraswathi 20171
It's the first page of results that's most important. Go through these searches and check each of the links on the first page to understand how you are being presented or referenced on the web.
If all you find is glowing praise and adulation, fantastic for you and congratulations!
But if you find material that might put you in the wrong light, it's important to try and do something about it:
Patch up: If you control the site or page that has the troubling information or photos, patch up your online reputation quickly by removing or deleting the questionable material.
Push it down: If you do not control the site, another way to improve your online reputation is to push the offending material down in the results. By expanding your presence on social networks, blogs, and community forums, you can generate new, highly relevant web content that could get ranked higher in the search results than the bad information.
Petition: It's a long shot, but if you're unable to remove the offending information, you can petition the site owner or webmaster to remove it. You are asking for a favor, so never approach a website proprietor with outrage, incredulity, or legal posturing. I can almost guarantee that won't work.
You best bet is to humbly seek their help... "I'm looking to clean up my online reputation so that my family, friends, and business colleagues won't get the wrong idea about me. There is some unfortunate information on your website, and I'd really appreciate it if you would consider removing this particular bit. I know you have the right to have whatever you want on your site, and perhaps you didn't even put everything up there yourself. So I would really appreciate it if you could help out a guy who is in a little bit of a jam."
Again, the anonymous Internet seems to make e-mail arguments much easier, and many website operators can be very prickly about preserving their independence, so never, ever take a high-handed or aggressive approach.
Prepare: If patching, pushing and petitioning don't work, that means you'll have to prepare for the question in your job interview. Simply and clearly state the circumstances that led to the bad information and then stop. Don't go into a long or tortured conversation about implications, how it makes you feel, or how unfair it is. By being open, honest and sensible, you may actually be able to come out ahead...
"Yes, during the downturn I was required to let go over 200 people in my division. Unfortunately, several of the impacted people shared their negative viewpoints of my performance in that role online. I can understand and sympathize with their anger, but I thought that preserving the ability of our company to survive very difficult economic times was in our best interests.
"Is there anything specific I can address for you?"
If you forthrightly answer the question, show an openness to further inquiry (the appetite for digging through dirty laundry in person is actually much smaller than you'd imagine), and then move on, you'll be doing the best to put a positive spin on an unfortunate situation.
OK, Readers, hope you're having a great Labor Day, and that you're ready to get cracking come tomorrow....
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
File Share
File sharing options between Mainframe applications and distributed systems.
- Network File System (NFS)
- Distributed File System (DFS)
- Use File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to synchronize files.
CIFS - Common internet File System by Microsoft. Also known as Server message block(SMB).
It is a network protocol used for sharing the files on LAN. The client can manipulate files just as they were on the local computer. Read, write and update mare permitted. The files will be located on a remote server.
It is a network protocol used for sharing the files on LAN. The client can manipulate files just as they were on the local computer. Read, write and update mare permitted. The files will be located on a remote server.
SOA - Questions from a friend
What is WS-Profile? The Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I) is an industry consortium chartered to promote interoperability amongst the stack of web services specifications. WS-I does not define standards for web services; rather, it creates guidelines and tests for interoperability.
It is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of the founding members (IBM, Microsoft, BEA Systems, SAP, Oracle, Fujitsu, Hewlett-Packard, and Intel) and two elected members (currently, Sun Microsystems and webMethods). The organization's deliverables include profiles, sample applications that demonstrate the profiles' use, and test tools to help determine profile conformance.
WS-I standards: Guidelines and conventions for using a defined set of specifications to ensure interoperability
http://www.ws-i.org/
How to invoke a webservice ?
The Java API for XML based RPC (JAX-RPC) is a Sun Microsystems specification that defines the APIs used to invoke a Web service. WebLogic Server implements the JAX-RPC specification.
How to create webservice ?
You can create web services from:
1.Java classes
2.the remote interface of EJBs
3.ADF Business Components service session bean wrapped as an EJB
What is SOAP Action:
Use of SOAPAction is deprecated. Senders SHOULD NOT send SOAPAction. Receivers MUST NOT accept or reject messages on the basis of the presence, absence or value of the SOAPAction header.
SOAPAction is a header specified in the HTTP transport binding which allows two things:
It is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of the founding members (IBM, Microsoft, BEA Systems, SAP, Oracle, Fujitsu, Hewlett-Packard, and Intel) and two elected members (currently, Sun Microsystems and webMethods). The organization's deliverables include profiles, sample applications that demonstrate the profiles' use, and test tools to help determine profile conformance.
WS-I standards: Guidelines and conventions for using a defined set of specifications to ensure interoperability
http://www.ws-i.org/
The Java API for XML based RPC (JAX-RPC) is a Sun Microsystems specification that defines the APIs used to invoke a Web service. WebLogic Server implements the JAX-RPC specification.
You can create web services from:
2.the remote interface of EJBs
3.ADF Business Components service session bean wrapped as an EJB
Use of SOAPAction is deprecated. Senders SHOULD NOT send SOAPAction. Receivers MUST NOT accept or reject messages on the basis of the presence, absence or value of the SOAPAction header.
- the identification of SOAP messages as such
- the communication of a SOAP message's "intent" - a particular classification of the message
Documentation:
Wednesday, August 4, 2010
Links
SOA Suite Certifications:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/ias/files/fusion_requirements.htm
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/ias/files/fusion_requirements.htm
FUSE
1. ESB - Based on Apache service mix. Java Business Integration (JBI) based. Built on webservice model.
2. Message Broker - JMS platform. Based on Apache Active MQ.
3. Service Framework - Apache CXF. Generate code Java to wsdl, WSDL to java, XSD to WSDL, WSDL to xml, WSDL to SOAP
4. Mediation Router - Rule based routing
http://fusesource.com/docs/esb/4.1/runtime/DeployESBThreadPools.html
2. Message Broker - JMS platform. Based on Apache Active MQ.
3. Service Framework - Apache CXF. Generate code Java to wsdl, WSDL to java, XSD to WSDL, WSDL to xml, WSDL to SOAP
4. Mediation Router - Rule based routing
http://fusesource.com/docs/esb/4.1/runtime/DeployESBThreadPools.html
Friday, June 25, 2010
SOA Suite Install
1. This document outlines the activities to be performed in setting up the environment for WebPortal project. The details identified in this document can be used for installing various Oracle Fusion Middleware components required for implementing WebPortal project.
2 Assumptions
• This document does not describe / address the procurement details for the hardware components required. It assumes the hardware resources are obtained and in place.
• This document does not describe setting up of the operating system and other software other than the Oracle Fusion Middleware components required for WebPortal project
• This document does not and should not replace any of the install documentation from Oracle. This document details steps to install and setup an environment for the WebPortal infrastructure platform and draws everything from the install docs provided by Oracle for all the middleware components included for the WebPortal platform.
• This document makes the following assumptions
o Server: Linux system
o Processor type: Linux x86-64
o O/S: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 (RHEL 5.3)
3 Middleware Components
• The following table gives a list of middleware components that this document covers from an install perspective for the Data Services integrated platform
Component Name Version
Oracle SOA Suite 11gR1 Patch Set2 11.1.1.3.0
WebLogic Server 10.3.3
Oracle Service Bus 11.1.1.3.0
BAM 11.1.1.3.0
Adapters and Connectors 11.1.1.2.0
Enterprise Repository 11.1.1.2.0
Service Registry 11.1.1.2.0
4 Software Requirements Matrix
BAM 11gR1 (11.1.1.3.0) Oracle 11.1.0.7 JDK 1.6.14
Oracle Enterprise Repository 11.1.1.2.0 Oracle 11.1.0.7 JDK 1.6.14
Oracle Service Registry 11.1.1.2.0 Oracle 11.1.0.7 JDK 1.6.14
5 Binaries for install
Please refer to the vendor link http://edelivery.oracle.com to download the binaries for all the m/w components for the WebPortal platform. Select the “Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g Media Pack” for “Linux x86-64” platform. Download the software/binaries for the following components:
• Oracle WebLogic Server 11gR1 (10.3.3) Generic
• Oracle SOA Suite 11g (11.1.1.2.0)
• Oracle SOA Suite 11g Patch Set 2 (11.1.1.3.0)
• Repository Creation Utility 11g (11.1.1.3.0) for Linux x86
• Application Adapters v11.1.1.2.0 (Part 1 of 2)
• Application Adapters v11.1.1.2.0 (Part 2 of 2)
• Oracle Service Bus 11g (11.1.1.3.0)
• Oracle Enterprise Repository 11g (11.1.1.2.0)
• Oracle Service Registry 11g (11.1.1.2.0)
6 Install Components
Some of the components listed below are optional. During the configuration, don’t select the components that are not required.
• Oracle SOA Suite 11g - 11.1.1.3.0
o Oracle SOA Suite with Oracle Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) Process Manager
o Mediator
o Rules
o B2B
o Human Workflow
o Oracle Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
• Sun JDK 1.6.0_14
7 Pre-Install Steps.
It is recommended to install the operating system patches suggested by Oracle before installing SOA suite and Registry/Repository. Refer Appendix A for the list of OS patches. (I will add that later !)
8 Major Install Steps – SOA Suite
The major steps for installing and configuring Oracle SOA suite in Linux OS are given below. WebLogic has to be installed before installed SOA Suite.
• Operating System: Linux OS 64 bit (or 32 bit OS)
• Download Location: TBD
1. Create Database
2. Install WebLogic Server
3. Install SOA Suite
4. Start Admin server and Managed Server.
Oracle SOA Suite
This section describes the steps for installing the Oracle SOA Suite.
Note: Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.3.0 is a Sparse Release and requires the Full Release Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.2.0 to be installed first.
At a high level, below are the steps to install the Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.3.0.
1. Install Oracle Database (11.1.0.7) for Oracle SOA Suite and create necessary schemas.
2. Install Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.3. This will create the Middleware home and WebLogic Server home directories
3. Install Oracle SOA Suite. This creates the SOA Oracle Home and Oracle Common (oracle_common) home directories.
4. Run the Patch Set installer (11.1.1.3.0) to update Oracle SOA Suite to 11.1.1.3.0. This will install the Oracle Business Process Management Suite as well.
5. Run the Configuration Wizard to create the WebLogic Domain and configure Oracle SOA Suite.
8.1 STEP 1 - Create Database
Purpose: Create oracle database for Oracle SOA Suite Services (Metadata Services, SOA Infrastructure, and User Messaging). The RCU utility is located under RCU_HOME\bin. Check the listener.ora file oracle database details.
1. Run Repository Creation Utility (RCU) for BPEL and BAM
>./rcu
2. Provide database Connection Details:
HostName Eg. host.domain.name
Port Eg. 1521
Database Name
UserName Eg. Sysdba
Password
Role
3. Set new Prefix as - Dev
4. Select required Oracle Schemes and set username and password.
a. Oracle SOA Suite
DEV_MDS (Metadata Services)
DEV_SOAINFRA (SOA Infrastructure)
DEV_ORASDPM (User Messaging)
5. Map Table Spaces.
8.2 Step 2 - Install WebLogic Server
Purpose: Create middleware home and WebLogic Server home
1. Ensure that /etc/hosts configured to resolve host names
127.0.0.1 hostname.domainname hostname
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
2. Run Installer files
a. For 32 bit OS - ./wls1031_linux32.bin
For 64 bit OS - Install JDK and then execute JAVA_HOME/bin/java -jar wls1031_generic.jar
b. Create new middleware home.
8.3 Step 3 - Install SOA Suite
Purpose: Create SOA Oracle home Directory
1. ./runInstaller -jreLoc JRE_LOCATION – Completed
2. Configure Oracle SOA Suite
Run Oracle Fusion Middleware Configuration Wizard - Create User project directory and SOA Domain.
a. ./SOA_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/config.sh
b. Create a New WebLogic Domain.Specify Domain name, Domain location, and application location.
Domain Name: base_domain
Domain Location: MW_HOME/user_projects/domains
Application location:MW_HOME/user_projects/applications
c. Configure Admin username,Password, Server Startmode, JDK and JDBC Component Scheme.
8.4 Step 4 - Start Servers
1. Start Admin Server: MW_HOME/user_projects/domains/domain_name/startWebLogic.sh
2. Start Managed Server: ./startManagedWebLogic.sh soa_server1
Admin Console: http://host:admin_server_port/console
2 Assumptions
• This document does not describe / address the procurement details for the hardware components required. It assumes the hardware resources are obtained and in place.
• This document does not describe setting up of the operating system and other software other than the Oracle Fusion Middleware components required for WebPortal project
• This document does not and should not replace any of the install documentation from Oracle. This document details steps to install and setup an environment for the WebPortal infrastructure platform and draws everything from the install docs provided by Oracle for all the middleware components included for the WebPortal platform.
• This document makes the following assumptions
o Server: Linux system
o Processor type: Linux x86-64
o O/S: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 (RHEL 5.3)
3 Middleware Components
• The following table gives a list of middleware components that this document covers from an install perspective for the Data Services integrated platform
Component Name Version
Oracle SOA Suite 11gR1 Patch Set2 11.1.1.3.0
WebLogic Server 10.3.3
Oracle Service Bus 11.1.1.3.0
BAM 11.1.1.3.0
Adapters and Connectors 11.1.1.2.0
Enterprise Repository 11.1.1.2.0
Service Registry 11.1.1.2.0
4 Software Requirements Matrix
BAM 11gR1 (11.1.1.3.0) Oracle 11.1.0.7 JDK 1.6.14
Oracle Enterprise Repository 11.1.1.2.0 Oracle 11.1.0.7 JDK 1.6.14
Oracle Service Registry 11.1.1.2.0 Oracle 11.1.0.7 JDK 1.6.14
5 Binaries for install
Please refer to the vendor link http://edelivery.oracle.com to download the binaries for all the m/w components for the WebPortal platform. Select the “Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g Media Pack” for “Linux x86-64” platform. Download the software/binaries for the following components:
• Oracle WebLogic Server 11gR1 (10.3.3) Generic
• Oracle SOA Suite 11g (11.1.1.2.0)
• Oracle SOA Suite 11g Patch Set 2 (11.1.1.3.0)
• Repository Creation Utility 11g (11.1.1.3.0) for Linux x86
• Application Adapters v11.1.1.2.0 (Part 1 of 2)
• Application Adapters v11.1.1.2.0 (Part 2 of 2)
• Oracle Service Bus 11g (11.1.1.3.0)
• Oracle Enterprise Repository 11g (11.1.1.2.0)
• Oracle Service Registry 11g (11.1.1.2.0)
6 Install Components
Some of the components listed below are optional. During the configuration, don’t select the components that are not required.
• Oracle SOA Suite 11g - 11.1.1.3.0
o Oracle SOA Suite with Oracle Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) Process Manager
o Mediator
o Rules
o B2B
o Human Workflow
o Oracle Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)
• Sun JDK 1.6.0_14
7 Pre-Install Steps.
It is recommended to install the operating system patches suggested by Oracle before installing SOA suite and Registry/Repository. Refer Appendix A for the list of OS patches. (I will add that later !)
8 Major Install Steps – SOA Suite
The major steps for installing and configuring Oracle SOA suite in Linux OS are given below. WebLogic has to be installed before installed SOA Suite.
• Operating System: Linux OS 64 bit (or 32 bit OS)
• Download Location: TBD
1. Create Database
2. Install WebLogic Server
3. Install SOA Suite
4. Start Admin server and Managed Server.
Oracle SOA Suite
This section describes the steps for installing the Oracle SOA Suite.
Note: Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.3.0 is a Sparse Release and requires the Full Release Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.2.0 to be installed first.
At a high level, below are the steps to install the Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.3.0.
1. Install Oracle Database (11.1.0.7) for Oracle SOA Suite and create necessary schemas.
2. Install Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.3. This will create the Middleware home and WebLogic Server home directories
3. Install Oracle SOA Suite. This creates the SOA Oracle Home and Oracle Common (oracle_common) home directories.
4. Run the Patch Set installer (11.1.1.3.0) to update Oracle SOA Suite to 11.1.1.3.0. This will install the Oracle Business Process Management Suite as well.
5. Run the Configuration Wizard to create the WebLogic Domain and configure Oracle SOA Suite.
8.1 STEP 1 - Create Database
Purpose: Create oracle database for Oracle SOA Suite Services (Metadata Services, SOA Infrastructure, and User Messaging). The RCU utility is located under RCU_HOME\bin. Check the listener.ora file oracle database details.
1. Run Repository Creation Utility (RCU) for BPEL and BAM
>./rcu
2. Provide database Connection Details:
HostName Eg. host.domain.name
Port Eg. 1521
Database Name
UserName Eg. Sysdba
Password
Role
3. Set new Prefix as - Dev
4. Select required Oracle Schemes and set username and password.
a. Oracle SOA Suite
DEV_MDS (Metadata Services)
DEV_SOAINFRA (SOA Infrastructure)
DEV_ORASDPM (User Messaging)
5. Map Table Spaces.
8.2 Step 2 - Install WebLogic Server
Purpose: Create middleware home and WebLogic Server home
1. Ensure that /etc/hosts configured to resolve host names
127.0.0.1 hostname.domainname hostname
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
2. Run Installer files
a. For 32 bit OS - ./wls1031_linux32.bin
For 64 bit OS - Install JDK and then execute JAVA_HOME/bin/java -jar wls1031_generic.jar
b. Create new middleware home.
8.3 Step 3 - Install SOA Suite
Purpose: Create SOA Oracle home Directory
1. ./runInstaller -jreLoc JRE_LOCATION – Completed
2. Configure Oracle SOA Suite
Run Oracle Fusion Middleware Configuration Wizard - Create User project directory and SOA Domain.
a. ./SOA_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/config.sh
b. Create a New WebLogic Domain.Specify Domain name, Domain location, and application location.
Domain Name: base_domain
Domain Location: MW_HOME/user_projects/domains
Application location:MW_HOME/user_projects/applications
c. Configure Admin username,Password, Server Startmode, JDK and JDBC Component Scheme.
8.4 Step 4 - Start Servers
1. Start Admin Server: MW_HOME/user_projects/domains/domain_name/startWebLogic.sh
2. Start Managed Server: ./startManagedWebLogic.sh soa_server1
Admin Console: http://host:admin_server_port/console
Tuesday, June 22, 2010
SOA Technologies
Important UDDI APIs: (Universal Description Discovery and Integration)
1. Inquiry API - Locate and obtain detailed entries from UDDI registry
2. Publicatin API - Publish and update information in UDDI Registry
It is a set of webservices that support description and discovery of webservices. This can be done using the GUI as well. url
1. Inquiry API - Locate and obtain detailed entries from UDDI registry
2. Publicatin API - Publish and update information in UDDI Registry
It is a set of webservices that support description and discovery of webservices. This can be done using the GUI as well. url
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Oracle SOA Products
Oracle SOA applications Stack for a Typical SOA project:
OES can define access control polic. Eg. For example, “Onlysalespersons and sales executives can view the monthly revenue reports for their region”.
PACP export Oracle Entitlements Server policies in XACML 2.0 format. Developers can use Java and Web services APIs to access all Oracle Entitlements
XACML : OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML)
WebService Security: Autheticaion for SOA services can do by using Oracle WebService Manager:
Oracle Access Manager (OAM)
Single Sign on solution using webgate plugin for Apache. use SPML webservice for adding users to identity manager.
Access System: The Access System provides access control and single sign-on to Web applications and J2EE resources (EJBs, servlets, etc.) running on a variety of Web and Application servers.
The Identity System provides delegated administration of user profiles and workflow for creating, updating, and deleting these profiles. It also provides applications for user selfregistration, password management and dynamic group management.
Web server plugins - WebGate and WebPass.A WebGate is an out-of-the-box Access Server client for web servers, which specializes in protecting HTTP resources. An AccessGate is a custom or general purpose Access Server client that processes user requests for Web and non-Web resources and is developed using the Access Manager SDK.
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/id_mgmt/coreid_acc/pdf/oracle-access-manager-10gr3-faq-ext-update.pdf
Oracle Identity Manager:
Oracle Access Manager can be utilized to provide single-sign-on (SSO) and will have to be integrated into the web servers (WebGate plugin).
Oracle Identity Manager can be responsible for user provisioning, containing all the required workflows to manage the user lifecycle (creation, modification, password reset, etc). Required Identity Manager functionality can be exposed via web services. An administrative console allows the administrator to manage the identities.
Oracle Access Manager is responsible for managing the user’s access rights at a URL as well as resource level. The Policy Manager Console allows the administrator to manage access policies. The policy information is propagated to Apache web server plug-ins, controlling authentication (Web Gate) and authorization (Access Gate).
SOA Suite install:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/soasuite/collateral/downloads.html
- Web server Apache httpd 2.2.15 RH Linux 5 64bit
- Application Server Oracle WebLogic Server 11g Rel 1 (10.3.2) Enterprise Edition with Sun JDK 1.6.0_14 RH Linux 5 64bit
- Service bus Oracle Service Bus 10gR3 (10.3.1.0) RH Linux 5 64bit
- Oracle SOA Suite 11g - 11.1.1.2.0 Oracle BPEL Process Manager (11.1.1.2.0) RH Linux 5 64bit
- SOA Governance Oracle Enterprise Repository (11.1.1.2.0)
- Oracle Service Registry (11.1.1.2.0) RH Linux 5 64bit
- Identity Manager Identity Management (11.1.1.2.0) RH Linux 5 64bit
- Database Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition with Real Application Clusters (RAC) RH Linux 5 64bit/HP UX 11i
- Oracle E-Billing Oracle Self-Service
- E-Billing Version 6.0.2
- WebLogic 10.0 MP1 RH Linux 5 64bit
Oracle Entitlements Server : Remove security decision from applications
Entitlements—Sets of privileges that govern what a user is authorized to do or see from multiple applications. Authorized administrators can easily define access control policies and security configurations at the Policy Administration Point (PAP). Using a web-based administration console, entitlement policies for all applications can be managed in a single location.
OES can define access control polic. Eg. For example, “Onlysalespersons and sales executives can view the monthly revenue reports for their region”.
PACP export Oracle Entitlements Server policies in XACML 2.0 format. Developers can use Java and Web services APIs to access all Oracle Entitlements
XACML : OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML)
- PAP Policy Administration Point - Point which manages policies
- PDP Policy Decision Point - Point which evaluates and issues authorization decisions
- PEP Policy Enforcement Point - Point which intercepts user's access request to a resource and enforces PDP's decision.
- PIP Policy Information Point - Point which can provide external information to a PDP, such as LDAP attribute information
Oracle WebService Manager
WebService Security: Autheticaion for SOA services can do by using Oracle WebService Manager:
Oracle Access Manager (OAM)
Single Sign on solution using webgate plugin for Apache. use SPML webservice for adding users to identity manager.
Access System: The Access System provides access control and single sign-on to Web applications and J2EE resources (EJBs, servlets, etc.) running on a variety of Web and Application servers.
The Identity System provides delegated administration of user profiles and workflow for creating, updating, and deleting these profiles. It also provides applications for user selfregistration, password management and dynamic group management.
Web server plugins - WebGate and WebPass.A WebGate is an out-of-the-box Access Server client for web servers, which specializes in protecting HTTP resources. An AccessGate is a custom or general purpose Access Server client that processes user requests for Web and non-Web resources and is developed using the Access Manager SDK.
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/id_mgmt/coreid_acc/pdf/oracle-access-manager-10gr3-faq-ext-update.pdf
Oracle Identity Manager:
- Oracle Identity Management
- Oracle Access Manager (OAM) 10.1.4.3.0
- Oracle Identity Management 10gR3 (10.1.4)
- Oracle Internet Directory 11gR1
The Oracle Identity Management components will be the system of record for all web user accounts containing credentials as well as central user data.The IM can also contain a map of the user profile to existing accounts
The Identity Manager will further contain all required flows to create, activate, de-activate, and delete users (as far as applicable).
Oracle Access Manager can be utilized to provide single-sign-on (SSO) and will have to be integrated into the web servers (WebGate plugin).
Oracle Identity Manager can be responsible for user provisioning, containing all the required workflows to manage the user lifecycle (creation, modification, password reset, etc). Required Identity Manager functionality can be exposed via web services. An administrative console allows the administrator to manage the identities.
Oracle Access Manager is responsible for managing the user’s access rights at a URL as well as resource level. The Policy Manager Console allows the administrator to manage access policies. The policy information is propagated to Apache web server plug-ins, controlling authentication (Web Gate) and authorization (Access Gate).
SOA Suite install:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/soasuite/collateral/downloads.html
SOA Pattern and SCA
One of the best SOA pattern in industry is VETRO Pattern (Validate, Enrich, Transform, Routing, Operate) !.
SCA - Service Component Architecture. Service Component Architecture (SCA) is a set of specifications which describe a model for building applications and systems using a Service-Oriented Architecture.
Apache Tuscany simplifies the task of developing SOA solutions by providing a comprehensive infrastructure for SOA development and management that is based on Service Component Architecture (SCA) standard.
The value proposition of SCA, is to offer the flexibility for true composite applications, flexibly incorporating reusable components in an SOA programming style.
SCA Specification - http://www.osoa.org/display/Main/Service+Component+Architecture+Specifications
Assembly model, annotation and policy framework are the main specifications.One basic artifact of SCA is the component, which is the unit of construction for SCA.SCA describes the content and linkage of an application in assemblies called composites.
SCA - Service Component Architecture. Service Component Architecture (SCA) is a set of specifications which describe a model for building applications and systems using a Service-Oriented Architecture.
Apache Tuscany simplifies the task of developing SOA solutions by providing a comprehensive infrastructure for SOA development and management that is based on Service Component Architecture (SCA) standard.
The value proposition of SCA, is to offer the flexibility for true composite applications, flexibly incorporating reusable components in an SOA programming style.
SCA Specification - http://www.osoa.org/display/Main/Service+Component+Architecture+Specifications
Assembly model, annotation and policy framework are the main specifications.One basic artifact of SCA is the component, which is the unit of construction for SCA.SCA describes the content and linkage of an application in assemblies called composites.
Thursday, May 27, 2010
South Korea & Taiwan GMU Trip
Korea and Taiwan:The Republic of Korea and Taiwan have transformed their economies over the past 50-60 years to become leaders in several industry sectors, and have obtained high levels of wealth and productivity on the world stage. The single-most significant factor has been the balance of international trade each has maintained. As each country has lacked the raw materials, and each has a current history of military conflict, each economy has essentially been built from scratch. It is impressive to see the progress the two nations have attained; much like Japan after being conquered in 1945. Then rising to become true global players.
The following chart compares the three countries along seven key factors for cross-border trading assessment for 2008-2010. The costs of import and export are inversely related to the time and number of documents required for processing. Korea has maintained an excellent balance of these two key factors to earn a ranking of 8th in the world. Taiwans’ time to import/export at two weeks seems to place them further in the global rankings. Costs of importing/exporting have declined in both Korea and Taiwan (comparing 2008 and 2010); time to import/export has shortened and the document load has decreased in Korea while remaining at the same levels for Taiwan. Even though the costs of import/export in the US have increased over the past three years; the importing costs lost two places in the global ranking, while Korea gained four places and Taiwan gained one place.
Trading Across Borders data | Doing Business 2008 | Doing Business 2009 | Doing Business 2010 | |
Republic of Korea | Rank | - | 12 | 8 |
Cost to export (US$ per container) | 745 | 767 | 742 | |
Cost to import (US$ per container) | 745 | 747 | 742 | |
Documents to export (number) | 4 | 4 | 3 | |
Documents to import (number) | 6 | 6 | 3 | |
Time to export (days) | 11 | 8 | 8 | |
Time to import (days) | 10 | 8 | 8 | |
Taiwan | Rank | - | 34 | 33 |
Cost to export (US$ per container) | 747 | 757 | 720 | |
Cost to import (US$ per container) | 747 | 769 | 732 | |
Documents to export (number) | 7 | 7 | 7 | |
Documents to import (number) | 7 | 7 | 7 | |
Time to export (days) | 13 | 13 | 13 | |
Time to import (days) | 12 | 12 | 12 | |
US | Rank | - | 16 | 18 |
Cost to export (US$ per container) | 960 | 990 | 1050 | |
Cost to import (US$ per container) | 1160 | 1245 | 1315 | |
Documents to export (number) | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
Documents to import (number) | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Time to export (days) | 6 | 6 | 6 | |
Time to import (days) | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
SOURCE: The International Bank for Reconstruction & Development / The World Bank | ||||
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